Literature

Literature for Petri nets is vast, but a decent (and perfectly satisfactory) introduction can be found in Chapter 4 and 5.3 (for the timed PN) of the classical (and award-winning) reference [1]. Note that electronic version (in fact, PDF) is accessible through the NTK library (upon CTU login, for example to usermap first).

A nice introduction is also in Chapter 2 of the freely online available book [2].

The survey paper that is particularly focused on Petri nets from the control systems perspective is [3] and it gives a wealth of other references.

A few more monographs, mostly inclined towards control systems, are [4], [5], [6].

Petri nets and their derivatives such as Grafcet in international standards

We mention at the beginning of this chapter that Petri nets have made it to international standards. Here they are: [7], [8], and [9].

Based on Petri nets, another framework has been derived and standardized, namely GRAFCET, see [10] and [11], upon which, in turn, the popular Sequential Function Chart (SFC) language for PLC programming [12] is based.

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References

[1]
C. G. Cassandras and S. Lafortune, Introduction to Discrete Event Systems, 3rd ed. Cham: Springer, 2021. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72274-6
[2]
F. Baccelli, G. Cohen, G. J. Olsder, and J.-P. Quadrat, Synchronization and linearity: An algebra for discrete event systems, Web edition. Chichester: Wiley, 2001. Available: https://www.rocq.inria.fr/metalau/cohen/documents/BCOQ-book.pdf
[3]
A. Giua and M. Silva, “Petri nets and Automatic Control: A historical perspective,” Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 45, pp. 223–239, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.04.006.
[4]
J. O. Moody, Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets. in The International Series on Discrete Event Dynamic Systems. New York, NY: Springer, 31 {\v c}ervence 1998. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5711-1
[5]
B. Hrúz and M. Zhou, Modeling and Control of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems: With Petri Nets and Other Tools. in Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing (C&SP). London: Springer, 2007. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-877-7
[6]
W. Reisig, Understanding Petri Nets: Modeling Techniques, Analysis Methods, Case Studies. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2013. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33278-4
[7]
ISO/IEC 15909-1:2019 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 1: Concepts, definitions and graphical notation.” ISO/IEC, Aug. 2019. Accessed: Sep. 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iso.org/standard/67235.html
[8]
ISO/IEC 15909-2:2011 Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 2: Transfer format.” ISO/IEC, Feb. 2011. Accessed: Sep. 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iso.org/standard/43538.html
[9]
ISO/IEC 15909-3:2021: Systems and software engineering — High-level Petri nets — Part 3: Extensions and structuring mechanisms.” ISO/IEC, 2021. Accessed: Sep. 29, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.iso.org/standard/81504.html
[10]
IEC 60848:2013 GRAFCET specification language for sequential function charts.” IEC, Feb. 2013. Available: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/3684
[11]
C. Johnsson and K.-E. Årzén, “Grafchart and its Relations to Grafcet and Petri Nets,” IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 95–100, Jun. 1998, doi: 10.1016/S1474-6670(17)40535-0.
[12]
IEC 61131-3 Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages.” IEC, Feb. 2013. Accessed: Jan. 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4552